Transitive closure

Write a program to compute the transitive closure of a directed graph
with n vertices. That is, you must compute an n × n matrix where at the
j-th column of the i-th row there is a 1 if it is possible to go from i
to j, and there is a 0 otherwise.

Input

Input consists of several cases. Every case begins with n followed by
the number of arcs m. Follow m pairs x y to indicate an arc from x to y,
with x ≠ y. Assume 1 ≤ n ≤ 200, that the vertices are numbered between 0
and n − 1, and that there are no repeated arcs.

Output

For every graph, print its transitive closure, followed by a line with
20 dashes.

Observation

In the “large” private test cases, we have m = Θ(n²).

Problem information

Author: Unknown
Translator: Salvador Roura

Generation: 2026-01-25T10:23:45.083Z

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